The aquamarine gemstone is a blue to blue-green variety of the mineral beryl, known for its association with the sea and symbolic properties of calm, courage, and clear communication. It is the birthstone for March and a popular choice for all types of jewelry due to its durability (7.5–8 on the Mohs scale) and clarity.
Properties and Meaning: The name aquamarine is derived from the Latin words aqua (water) and marina (of the sea).
Color: The color ranges from a pale, almost transparent blue, to a deep blue or greenish-blue. The trace element of iron gives it its signature hue, and heat treatment is sometimes used to enhance the blue color by removing yellow tints. The most valuable color is a saturated, dark blue to slightly greenish-blue, such as the prized “Santa Maria” color from Brazil.
Physical: Aquamarine is a durable gemstone with a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. It has a vitreous (glass-like) luster and a hexagonal crystal system. High-quality aquamarines are typically “eye-clean,” meaning they have no inclusions visible to the naked eye.
Metaphysical and Healing: Historically, sailors carried aquamarine as a protective amulet for safe travel at sea. It is associated with the throat chakra and is believed to promote self-expression, communication, and emotional healing. It is also linked to youth, hope, happiness in marriage, and general well-being.
Value Factors
The value of an aquamarine gemstone is determined by the “4 Cs” of quality:
Color: Deep blue and intensely saturated colors are the most sought-after and valuable. Lighter, paler colors are more common and thus less expensive.
Clarity: Most cut aquamarines are expected to be free of eye-visible inclusions. Stones with visible flaws are significantly less valuable and are often used for cabochons or carvings.
Cut: The gemstone’s hardness makes it suitable for various cuts, including the popular emerald cut. A well-executed cut maximizes the stone’s brilliance and color.
Carat Weight: Aquamarine crystals can be found in large sizes, so the price per carat does not necessarily increase with size as dramatically as with other gems. However, large stones with rich, intense color are very rare and command premium prices.
Types and Sources
Aquamarine is found in many parts of the world, with major sources including Brazil, Pakistan, Madagascar, Nigeria, and Zambia.
Santa Maria Aquamarine: This is the most valuable and sought-after variety, known for its deep, intense blue color. It is primarily sourced from the Santa Maria de Itabira mine in Brazil.
Maxixe Aquamarine: A rare, dark blue variety found in Brazil and Africa. Its color is known to fade if exposed to prolonged sunlight.
Milky Aquamarine: A more opaque, pastel blue form that is generally more affordable and often used for casual jewelry.